How to Install Linux

Rohan Jaitpal

In continuation to Previous Post “What is LINUX”

Step 1: Choosing Linux Distribution and downloading it.
The world of Linux is free open-source software with hundreds of active Linux distributions, and dozens of different desktop environments you could run on them. Linux distributions combine the Linux kernel with other software like the GNU core utilities, X.org graphical server, a desktop environment, a web browser, and more. To form a single operating system you can install. Do check with the option for download ether 32 bits or 64 bits

Step 2: Creating and Installation media
You can now burn downloaded ISO image to a DVD or USB. Booting from USB 3.0 is faster than booting from DVD as given that most laptops and many desktops no longer include a DVD drive. To burn an image to USB, you'll need a specialized program to convert USD drive to bootable devices. Usually these days Linux distribution comes with an alternative of LIVE Run which means one can utilize the power of LINUX OS by initializing it entirely off the disc or USB drive without the requirement of actual installation on your Operating Hardware (PC) and can even install software, and it’ll remain installed in the live system until hardware reboot.

Step 3: Installation of LINUX 

Default Rule for Partitioning based on Motherboard is that in a single Hard-Disk we can have
1. Primary Partition – 4 nos.
2. Logical Partition – 63 nos.
Note: Windows allow only 27 logical partition.

Hard Disk connection modes
1. Primary Master /dev/hda
2. Primary Slave /dev/hdb
3. Secondary Master /dev/hdc
4. Secondary Slave /dev/hdd
Note: Linux works when Hard-Disk is connected to Primary Master mode.

/dev/hda -- IDE Drive
/dev/sda -- SCSI Drive
/dev/fda -- Floppy Drive

Installation types:
Case 1: Minimal Installation

Partition Type Sizing
/boot 100 MB – 2 GB
Swap 2*RAM Size or Similar to 1.5* RAM size (Depending on hardware configuration)
/ Min: 500 MB - Max: 5 GB

Case 2: Full Server
Partition Type Sizing
/boot 100 MB – 2 GB
Swap 2*RAM Size or Similar to 1.5* RAM size (Depending on hardware configuration)
/ 500 MB
/home 500 MB
/tmp 1 GB
/var 1 GB
/usr Min: 500 MB - Max: 5 GB

Basic installation process to follow

1. Make First Boot Device CD-Rom or USB and Second Boot device HDD in BIOS. And also see that your Hard Disk is connected in Primary Master Mode otherwise your system will not Boot after installation. Enable Legacy Option when to install Linux in SATA Hard-Disk. After that save settings to BIOS.

2. Post system boot process Linux Initialization it will show similar option as below
* Linux in graphical Mode.
* Linux in Text Mode
* Linux in Rescue Mode
* Linux Live boot

3. It is suggested to execute the installation in graphical mode. To avoid complex pre-installation configuration in text mode in terms of expertise to setup the environment

4. Skip CD Checking. [CD checking is normally not required]

5. Anaconda is the name of Linux Installer.

6. Select the Language you want to use.

7. Linux Installation consist of four types
* Personal
* Workstation
* Server
* Custom.
Always prefer * Custom so that you can install packages according to your system requirement

8. Next option will be creating partitioning with option such as
*Expert Partition – Custom Partitioning
*Default Partition
One choose Command Line Interface by pressing Ctl+alt+F2.

Command list to manage CLI
# fdisk –l           --> this will list the partition.
#fdsik /dev/had  --> to create delete and modify partition type *

Command (m for help): m

Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

# Ctl+alt+F2        --> to go in Command Mode
# Clt+alt+F7        --> to exit from Command mode and continue to Installation.
# df–h                 --> to see the Disk Space of HDD.

9. After creating the partition press Clt+alt+F7 to return to GUI mode. After that select Manual Partition and press next. Give label to partitions

10. User Configuration (Admin / Other)

11. Change the time to * Asia/Calcutta

12. Network setting which can be skip for later configuration

13. Required software installation

14. Confirmation for installation.

15. Installation Begins

Now Linux will start installing the packages

Post Installation system reboots. One can Login the system with user id and password. Your Linux system is all set to go.

- Cheers

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